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FACTS  CONCERNING 

CITRUS  TREES 
AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

BY 

DR.  H.  L.  MESSICK 

Pomona,  California 


CITRUS  TREE  CULTURE 


Fads  on  Citrus  Trees 


AND  THEIR  DISEASES 


BY 


DR.  H.  L.  MESSICK 


Pomona,  Cal. 


•  )    OJ 


PUBLISHED  FOR  THE  AUTHOR  BY 

LA  VERNE  LEADER, 

At  LaVerne.  Cal., 
U.S.  A. 


f^ 


COPYRIGHT  JULY,  1919 

Y  H.  L.  MESSICK 

V  POMONA.  CALIFORNIA 


Dr.  H.  L.  Messick's  Opening  Prayer 
for  this  book 

All  powerful  and  all  merciful  Creator,  it  is  my 
pleasure  to  call  upon  Thee  before  commencing  to  pre- 
pare such  enlightenment  to  the  people  upon  this  earth 
as  will  serve  to  give  them  better  understanding. 

I  ask  of  Thee  that  Thou  will  be  willing  to  give 
me  the  exact  words  of  truth  upon  the  very  important 
subject  of  which  I  expect  to  write. 

I  pray  Thee  that  Thou  will  not  allow  a  single  word 
to  appear  upon  this  pamphlet  which  will  not  give  great 
value  to  my  readers. 

I  ask  Thy  blessing  to  rest  upon  the  readers  of  this 
pamphlet  and  give  to  him  or  her  the  true  understand- 
ing and  meaning  of  every  word  written  herein. 

I  thank  Thee  for  all  the  past  blessings  and  ask 
Thee  that  Thou  will  render  to  me  such  strength,  wis- 
dom and  knowledge  as  will  make  this  book  the  greatest 
power  and  benefactor  to  the  industry  for  which  it  is 
especially  prepared. 

Thanking  Thee  for  all  the  blessings  that  have 
been  rendered  to  me  during  my  past  life,  asking  that 
Thou  wilt  continue  to  guard,  guide  and  direct  me 
through  the  coming  journey  of  life  and  when  Thy  call 
shall  come,  I  ask  that  Thou  wilt  fit  a  place  in  Thy 
kingdom. 

These  favors  I  ask  in  the  name  of  our  blessed 
Savior,  who  gave  His  life  that  we  might  be  saved. 


414800 


.^r 


PREFACE 


Dear  Reader,  I  am  about  to  enter  upon  one  of  the 
most  important  subjects  that  has  ever  been  dealt  with 
in  the  State  of  California.  My  purpose  is  to  give  to 
the  citrus  grower  a  more  perfect  understanding  of  the 
nature  of  his  tree.  We  all  realize  that  life  is  practi- 
cally the  same  to  all  things  that  have  life.  No,  doubt, 
my  readers  will  be  somewhat  surprised  to  read  some 
things  concerning  the  facts  laid  down  by  nature,  as  it 
has  not,  so  far  in  the  history  of  all  times,  been 
made  as  clear  as  it  should  have  been.  There  is  only 
one  way  in  which  we  can  obtain  absolute  facts  con- 
cerning the  life  of  a  tree,  as  books,  periodicals  and 
science  differ  so  greatly  upon  their  construction  of  life 
and  health  concerning  trees  and  plants.  It  has  been 
my  pleasure  for  the  past  sixty  years  to  study  the  won- 
derful book  called  "NATURE"  and  to  not  copy  from 
any  writer. 

We  can  only  understand  our  soils,  our  plants,  our 
trees  and  our  shrubs  by  the  careful  study  of  our  soil 
conditions  and  our  distributions  of  the  many  elements 
connected  therein.  We  all  have  a  natural  understand- 
ing and  as  quick  as  the  facts  are  thrown  in  front  of 
us  with  this  natural  understanding  we  can  readily 
take  the  values  therein. 

The  writer,  when  a  little  boy,  had  a  grandfather 
who  so  loved  the  trees  that  he  became  a  nurseryman 
and  grew  the  first  nursery  stock  grown  in  western  Illi- 
nios.    The  writer  at  six  years  became  very  fond  of  this 


8  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

old  grandfather  who  served  in  the  Revolutionary  War, 
and  who  was  beyond  question  a  true  Christian  and 
who  believed  that  his  efforts  and  his  results  were 
wholly  obtained  from  faithful  prayer,  together  with 
the  ambition  and  determination  to  conquer  and  produce 
the  best  results  from  all  his  undertakings.  He  be- 
came very  fond  of  the  writer  and  instilled  into  him  at 
this  early  age  the  same  kind  of  ambition  and  deter- 
mination, and  the  writer  becoming  fascinated  with  the 
study  of  trees  grew  up  with  this  good  old  man  until,  he 
at  a  young  age,  became  so  well  acquainted  with  the 
methods  of  propagation  and  with  the  natural  under- 
standing of  tree  life,  that  it  became  impossible  for 
him  to  even  think  of  anything  else  other  than  a  tree. 

In  the  writer's  home  city  a  few  years  ago,  while 
he  was  coming  down  one  of  the  business  streets, 
a  party  of  men  were  standing  on  the  comer.  Among 
these  men  were  two  lawyers,  one  a  money-lender  and 
one  a  congressman.  As  the  writer  came  nearer  to 
them  the  congressman  made  a  wager  with  the  money- 
lender ;  he  would  bet  a  good  cigar  that  he  could  not  hold 
a  conversation  with  the  writer  ten  minutes  without 
the  writer  making  some  remark  referring  to  a  tree. 
Some  weeks  after  this  it  appeared  in  an  evening  Jour- 
nal that  the  money-lender  had  attracted  the  attention 
of  the  writer  on  other  subjects  of  conversation  to  the 
extent  of  six  minutes,  thereby  losing  his  wager  in  the 
period  of  time  set  by  the  congressman. 

This  same  ambition,  determination  and  desire  to 
acquire  the  best  knowledge  possible  to  be  obtained 
concerning  tree  life  and  their  requirements  and  de- 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  9 

mands  upon  the  soil  has  been  fully  kept  up  by  the 
writer  to  this  day,  and  he  still  goes  on  searching  for 
more  and  better  knowledge  than  he  has  already  ob- 
tained. His  experiments  have  been  very  numerous 
and  his  results  most  wonderful.  In  several  instances 
the  writer  has  taken  diseased  trees  that  were  even 
condemned  to  death  by  the  leading  authorities  and  pro- 
duced wonderful  cures. 

I  desire  my  readers  to  understand  that  my  Creator 
has  been  my  advisor  and  I  have  only  been  his  agent  or 
executor.  Every  reader  will  recall  some  time  in  life 
when  he  has  had  some  fine  visions  and  has  failed  to  put 
them  into  use  and  has  later  in  life  seen  the  results  of 
his  visions  being  carried  out  by  some  other  person. 
We  all  have  made  mistakes  in  ignoring  many  sweet 
dreams  that  have  come  to  us  during  life,  when  if  they 
had  been  properly  tested,  no  doubt,  would  have  brought 
surprising  results.  It  is  when  a  man  is  most  deeply 
interested  in  his  industry,  that  he  probably  becomes 
more  or  less  weary  over  his  results  and  conditions  that 
these  blessed  dreams  appear,  and  oft-times  these 
dreams  will  remain  with  us  for  days  and  weeks  and 
keep  refreshing  our  memory  and  we  continue  to  ignore 
and  harden  ourselves  against  such  dreams  as  being 
unworthy  of  even  a  thought.  I  would  simply  suggest 
to  the  reader,  that  when  he  has  a  dream  that  concerns 
his  line  of  industry  or  line  of  thought,  that  in  any  man- 
ner appeals  to  him  the  least  bit  possible,  that  he  at 
once  act  in  accordance  with  this  dream  and  test  results. 
The  writer  at  one  time  in  his  early  life  had  a  dream; 
this  dream  said  to  him  that  grandfather  did  not  cut 


10  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

his  scions  right;  the  dream  suggested  that  the  scions 
should  be  cut  in  diamond  shape,  as  well  as  the  incisions 
upon  the  seedling,  thereby  making  a  perfect  fit  of  the 
scion  to  the  incision;  then  by  applying  the  pruner's 
wax  and  carefully  inserting  the  scion  a  perfect  union 
is  met  with  between  the  scion  and  the  stock  or  the 
seedling.  Of  course,  this  was  in  the  days  when  we 
grafted  entirely  upon  the  collar  or  crown  of  the  seed- 
ling and  before  the  days  of  cellar  grafting.  This  dia- 
mond cut  graft  and  incision,  when  properly  done,  keeps 
any  water  from  surrounding  the  scion,  thereby  pro- 
ducing an  improper  union,  which  followed  down,  pro- 
duces a  black  streak  through  the  heart  of  the  tree  and 
in  later  years  produces  a  weak  constitution  or  chronic 
diseases.  Many  of  our  diseased  trees  are  not  alto- 
gether produced  in  the  orchard  or  grove;  that  is  to 
say,  the  cause  of  the  disease,  but  in  many  instances  the 
imperfect  union  and  unskilled  methods  of  propagation 
in  the  first  nursery  row. 


DISEASES  OF  TREES 


Diseases  of  trees  are  similar  to  diseases  of  man- 
kind. Many  times  a  child  while  in  infancy  contracts 
an  imperfection  and  the  child  lives  and  grows  to  man- 
hood or  womanhood  with  this  imperfection,  and  later 
in  life  develops  diseases ;  so  it  is  with  the  tree.  We  all 
understand  that  the  wild  fruit,  which  nature  created, 
is  the  true  and  only  genuine  method  or  system  of  pro- 
duction, but  by  education  and  enlightenment  and  ex- 
perimenting the  human  mind  has  developed  an  im- 
provement, or  in  other  words  a  method  in  which  we 
could  improve  upon  the  many  varieties  of  wild  fruit. 
By  doing  so  we  to  some  extent  have  to  cross  with  na- 
ture to  bring  about  the  most  desirable  results,  and  the 
writer's  experience  has  been  that  as  little  variation  as 
possible  from  nature's  own  methods  produces  the  best 
results.  For  illustration:  I  will  carry  some  of  you 
old  readers  back  to  your  boyhood  days  when  father's 
orchard  perhaps  reached  the  age  of  twenty  or  twenty- 
five  years.  Don't  you  remember  it  was  more  than  a 
ten  year  old  boy  could  do  to  make  his  fingers  meet  in 
reaching  around  the  body  of  father's  trees.  Today 
there  is  scarcely  a  tree  that  stands  in  the  orchard  or 
the  grove  that  has  reached  the  age  of  twenty-five  years 
but  what  a  six  year  old  boy  can  lay  his  fingers  together 
around  the  body.  Naturally  the  reader  will  ask  the 
question:  "Why  should  this  be?"  My  answer  is,  that 
under  our  continued  development  of  science  we  have 
beyond  all  question  of  contradiction  decreased  the  vi- 


12  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

tality  and  weakened  the  constitution  by  our  present 
methods  of  propagation  to  the  extent  that  the  tree 
today  requires  much  more  nursing  and  much  more  care 
than  in  the  day  of  our  grandfathers.  It  is  also  true 
that  we  have  many  more  enemies  and  much  more  dis- 
ease of  the  tree  than  we  had  some  sixty  years  ago. 
Now  this  cannot  all  be  laid  at  the  doorstep  of  climatic 
conditions  for  the  simple  reason  this  does  not  only 
apply  to  trees,  plants,  etc.,  but  to  agricultural  products 
as  well. 

When  a  young  man  the  writer  conceived  the 
thought  that  the  man  who  wrote  the  first  book,  that 
has  been  handed  down  from  generation  to  generation, 
which  is  no  doubt  a  wonderful  book,  if  it  be  written 
by  man,  he  surely  is  entitled  to  great  credit  beyond 
mention,  but  if  he  was  a  man  who  wrote  this  first  book, 
I  want  to  ask  the  one  question.  If  there  were  no  books 
for  him  to  copy  from,  how  did  he  obtain  his  knowledge? 
I  answer  the  only  possible  way  in  which  I  could  see 
that  he  gained  such  knowledge  was  by  the  study  of 
nature  itself.  Could  it  be  possible  that  all  men  of 
today  are  subject  to  error?  The  writer  is  ready  and 
stands  open  to  contradiction,  that  this  great  writer  did 
make  one  error  at  least  and  that  error  is  the  most  im- 
portant feature  in  the  citrus  industry.  I  don't  think 
you  can  find  where  this  great  writer  has  ever  spoken 
of  that.  In  this  creation,  every  single  thing  was 
created  that  was  expected  to  live,  exist  and  die,  is 
created  with  a  body.  I  firmly  believe  that  the  reader, 
when  he  stops  to  think  for  one  moment,  will  agree  with 
me  on  this  point.    Now,  in  the  creation  of  this  body, 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  13 

it  might  be  termed  the  house  in  which  the  life  of  every 
living  thing  is  housed. 


LIFE  OF  THE  TREE 

The  writer  only  asks  you  to  refer  to  himself  for 
the  explanation ;  my  body  represents  my  life,  the  body 
of  my  tree  represents  the  life  of  that  tree.  You  will 
also  agree  with  me  that  the  tree  has  two  distinct  agen- 
cies. The  important  agency  I  term  as  the  receiving 
agency;  where  the  main  roots  intersect  the  base  of 
the  tree.  These  base  roots  are  scientifically  termed 
the  lateral  roots,  and  support  the  hair-like  feeders  that 
search  the  soil  for  the  different  elements  of  goodness 
for  the  welfare  of  the  tree. 

These  base  roots,  according  to  the  book  of  nature, 
should  grow  in  proportion  to  the  spread  of  the  branch- 
es ;  then  they  should  dip  downward  and  extend  f ui  ther 
into  the  center  or  midway  of  the  rows.  Now  trees  are 
like  children ;  when  in  infancy  the  tree  can  be  trained 
to  please  the  grower,  or  in  other  words,  the  nursery- 
man can  grow  the  tree  during  the  life  of  the  nursery 
row  to  please  his  ideas.  When  planted  in  the  grove, 
then  it  becomes  the  pleasure  of  the  grower  to  train 
that  tree  according  to  his  ideas. 

We  can  train  the  roots  to  follow  along  the  sur- 
face if  we  so  desire,  or  we  can  train  them  to  dip  deep 
into  the  earth  if  we  so  desire.  This  method  of  train- 
ing will  be  explained  further  on  in  this  book  where 
the  writer  speaks  of  cultivation  and  proper  root 
training. 


14  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

We  go  back  now  to  this  receiving  agency  and  we 
find  that  the  nutritious  matter  gathered  by  the  many 
feeders  is  being  transported  to  the  base  of  the  tree 
through  this  base  root  and  there  comes  in  connection 
with  the  mechanical  action  of  the  tree,  which  forces 
its  way  through  the  many  sap  cells  or  channels  of  dis- 
tribution, passing  through  the  body  up  to  where  the 
branches  branch  out.  There  it  comes  in  contact  with 
the  distribution  agencies,  which  send  it  further  on 
through  the  branches  to  the  twigs,  through  the  twigs 
to  the  stem  of  the  foliage,  distributing  its  proportion 
of  nutritious  matter  from  the  many  channels  or  cells 
to  all  parts  of  the  top  of  the  tree. 

The  writer,  in  his  close  study  of  the  anatomy  of 
the  tree  finds  that  each  base  limb  and  each  branch 
leaving  this  base  limb  is  spread  through  separate  cells 
or  channels  of  distribution  of  sap.  Therefore  one  base 
limb  may  die  from  injury  or  some  other  cause  and  not 
affect  the  next  limb  or  branch.  The  writer  has  gone 
into  this  particular  study  so  carefully  he  has  been  able 
to  know,  or  perhaps  almost  correctly  if  not  quite,  the 
number  of  sap  cells  passing  through  a  three  year  old 
tree  and  through  its  distributing  agencies,  which  took 
him  months  of  careful  study  and  with  the  strongest 
glass  to  be  found,  as  these  sap  cells  are  very,  very  small 
channels.  In  some  varieties  of  trees  they  are  much 
larger  than  in  other  varieties  where  sap  is  heavier 
and  trees  grow  larger. 

With  the  citrus  tree  the  writer  finds  the  sap  so 
much  heavier  than  that  of  the  apple.  I  desire  the 
reader  to  understand  right  here  that  the  writer  has 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  15 

only  made  his  life  study  upon  two  varieties  of  trees, 
namely ;  the  apple  and  the  citrus,  and  as  stated  above 
the  sap  of  the  citrus  tree,  and  especially  the  orange,  is 
much  heavier  than  that  of  the  apple.  To  understand 
thoroughly  the  difference  between  the  two  varieties  of 
trees,  it  is  necessary  to  study  the  native  home  of  both 
varieties. 

DIFFERENCE  IN  THE  VARIETIES  OF  TREES 

In  their  wild  nature  I  have  found  that  the  citrus 
tree  originated  in  quite  a  different  climate  than 
that  of  the  apple.  Therefore,  the  citrus  tree  in  its 
native  climate  does  not  become  absolutely  dormant  at 
any  period  of  the  year,  but  continues  to  drop  and  take 
on  new  foliage  at  three  different  periods  of  the  year, 
thus  widely  differing  from  the  apple.  The  citrus 
tree  has  three  ascensions  and  three  descensions  every 
twelve  months,  nature  intended  that  at  certain  periods 
the  citrus  tree  should  rest  to  some  extent  while  na- 
ture hardened  its  wood  growth.  This,  the  writer 
is  satisfied,  is  not  well  understood  by  growers,  and  he 
is  ready  to  assert  that  too  much  water  and  too  many 
cultivations  at  this  period  does  the  tree  an  injustice, 
not  allowing  it  to  properly  harden  and  mature  its  wood, 
therefore,  forming  an  imperfect  or  a  weak  bud.  This 
important  subject  will  be  dealt  with  in  this  book  later. 

BODY  OF  THE  TREE 

Getting  back  to  the  body  of  the  tree. —  Now  the 
writer  desires  to  impress  upon  the  mind  of  every  reader 


16  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

that  the  body  of  his  tree  represents  all,  and  the  care 
and  treatment  given  this  body  determines  most  em- 
phatically your  future  success.  The  treatment  of 
bodies  in  order  to  keep  them  in  perfectly  healthy  condi- 
tion will  be  discussed  later  in  this  book. 

The  one  reason  I  speak  so  strongly  concerning  the 
body  of  the  tree  is  for  the  fact  that  it  represents  the 
most  vital  points  concerning  tree  life.  To  keep  this 
body  in  good  condition  means  that  it  is  necessary  to 
take  a  fine  wire  brush  once  during  the  season  from 
March  to  June,  and  thoroughly  brush  from  the  tree 
every  particle  of  rough  scale  or  moss,  cleansing  the 
body  thoroughly  and  apply  some  local  application  that 
would  serve  to  keep  the  body  from  becoming  sunburnt 
and  keep  the  bark  loose  so  that  it  might  expand  with 
the  natural  demands  of  growth.  It  is  safe  to  say  that 
the  writer  is  the  first  man  who  found  it  absolutely 
necessary,  in  order  to  get  the  best  results  from  his 
trees,  to  give  the  body  the  most  attention. 

And  next  following  the  body,  in  order  to  obtain 
the  best  results,  is  by  carefully  looking  after  your 
root  system,  keeping  the  soil  under  the  tree  moist  and 
giving  it  sufficient  cultivation,  which  is  best  done  by 
using  a  potato  hook  or  a  tool  made  upon  that  line. 
If  the  earth  has  been  thrown  up  to  the  tree  and  has 
covered  up  the  body  too  much,  it  should  be  removed 
and  a  basin  made  around  the  base  of  the  tree,  where 
light  and  air  might  penetrate  the  intersections  of  the 
base  roots  to  the  body  of  the  tree.  This  will  aid  won- 
derfully in  the  curing  of  diseases. 

The  soil  should  be  cultivated  at  least  once,  and 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  17 

twice  would  be  better,  during  the  summer  period. 
Lack  of  moisture  under  the  trees  is  one  of  the  greatest 
drawbacks;  this  applies  especially  to  trees  which  are 
from  twenty  to  thirty  years  old.  With  old  trees  the 
spread  is  very  great  and  the  irrigation  ditch  being  so 
far  away  from  the  body  of  the  tree,  it  would  be  profit- 
able to  the  grower  if  he  would  make  a  cross  trench 
from  his  irrigation  ditches  to  the  trunk  of  the  tree, 
and  let  the  water  run  into  the  basin  as  described  above. 
A  small  amount  of  water  during  June,  July  and  August 
irrigations,  as  these  months  would  consume  moisture 
better  than  any  other  three  months  during  the  year. 

One  of  the  bad  features  that  the  citrus  tree  must 
contend  with  in  Southern  California  is  the  temperature 
of  the  water  used  from  wells  and  running  through 
pipes  without  sufficient  amount  of  sunhght  and  air. 
To  remove  the  cold  temperature  and  the  shocking 
nature  of  the  cold  water  on  the  trees,  I  foresee 
the  time  coming  when  the  foothill  water  will  be  of 
great  value. 

When  a  foothill  canal  has  been  excavated,  all  the 
mountain  water  will  be  retained  in  this  canal  until  it 
has  abundance  of  air  and  sunlight  before  being  used 
for  irrigation  purposes  and  by  this  means  another 
great  value  will  be  added  to  the  growers,  retaining 
this  surplus  water  and  preventing  it  from  overflowing, 
which  has  done  so  much  damage  by  filling  in  new  soil. 

I  have  visited  groves  where  there  has  been  more 
than  a  foot  of  soil  filled  in  after  the  planting  of  the  tree. 
In  all  of  these  instances,  in  a  very  few  years,  you  be- 
gan to  see  your  trees  deteriorate  and  diseases  develop, 


18  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

unless  a  basin  is  dug  around  the  base  of  this  tree  at 
least  two  feet  from  the  body  of  the  tree,  and  unless 
the  elements  desired  by  the  tree  are  placed  in  this 
basin,  your  feeders  will  soon  die  and  smother  out, 
leaving  your  tree  in  a  choked  condition  of  which  the 
receiving  agency  soon  becomes  closed  and  further  ex- 
pansion and  growth  is  stopped. 

You  must  understand  that,  whatsoever  comes  in 
contact  with  the  body  of  the  tree  that  would  form  a 
tightening  or  exclude  the  air,  will  in  due  time  cause 
the  action  of  the  sap  to  relax.  I  do  not  mean  to  say 
that  your  tree  will  not  live  for  some  time  and  produce 
some  fruit,  yet,  as  year  after  year  rolls  around,  the 
death  rate  will  be  greater. 

It  is  so  hard  for  the  writer  to  impress  upon  the 
minds  of  the  citrus  growers  some  facts  that  are  being 
practised  year  by  year  that  do  not  bring  noticeable 
results  for  so  long  a  time.  For  illustration;  a  great 
many  so-called  tree  doctors  have  made  discoveries  of 
different  body  treatments  that  have  never  been  thor- 
oughly tested  out.  It  requires  several  years  to  test  out 
any  treatment  upon  a  tree  thoroughly — perhaps  the 
Bordeaux  mixture  has  been  more  thoroughly  tested 
than  any  other  mixture. 

All  of  those  who  have  tested  the  Bordeaux  mixture 
for  five  years,  I  am  satisfied,  will  not  speak  favorably 
of  it,  for  the  simple  reason  that  anything  that  forms  a 
paste  would  have  a  tendency,  if  completely  covering  the 
body,  to  exclude  air  and  prevent  proper  expansion. 
It  will  take  time  to  tell  as  to  the  injury  done  to  trees 
by  this  mixture. 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  19 

Others  have  applied  coal  tar,  time  will  tell  of  the 
injury  caused  by  this  treatment;  some  have  used  oils, 
it  only  takes  time  to  tell  the  injury  caused  by  this 
treatment: — a  little  horse  sense  would  come  in  very 
handy  when  applying  oil  to  a  tree.  Any  of  the  growers 
who  have  ever  had  any  experience  in  allowing  hogs  to 
run  in  an  orchard,  just  notice  where  a  hog  rubs  against 
a  tree  a  few  times.  In  one  year's  time  you  can  notice 
a  dead  spot  on  the  body  of  that  tree  where  the  hogs 
have  rubbed,  as  the  greasy  substance  from  the  hog 
closes  the  pores  of  the  bark  and  cuts  off  circulation 
at  once. 

To  make  a  long  story  short,  the  writer  wants  to 
impress  upon  the  reader  this  one  indisputable  fact — 
you  cannot  use  anything,  no  matter  what,  successfully 
upon  a  tree  that  will  not  disolve  in  water.  This  point 
will  save  the  grower,  if  he  will  only  take  heed,  from 
injuring  his  trees.  Take  a  sample  of  the  general  reme- 
dies and  see  if  you  can  reduce  them  or  if  they  will  mix 
with  water.  If  they  will  not  mix  with  water,  my  ad- 
vice to  you  is,  keep  any  remedy  off  your  tree  that  will 
not. 

The  writer  has  made  a  great  many  experiments 
upon  the  body  of  the  tree  with  practically  every  chem- 
ical or  drug  that  has  been  heard  of,  and,  until  he  dis- 
covered the  above  fact  he  never  was  so  successful 
with  trees,  and  the  only  application  of  real  value  to 
your  tree  is  one  made  from  absolutely  nutritious  ele- 
ments,— something  that  would  be  porous  and  at  the 
same  time  a  non-conductor  of  heat,  something  of  a 
penetrating  nature  that  will  keep  the  bark  in  a  nice 


20  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

velvety  condition  so  it  may  expand  with  the  natural 
demand  of  growth. 

The  writer  will  describe  later  in  this  book  about 
his  own  discoveries  and  is  thinking  very  seriously  of 
enclosing  inside  of  this  book  his  wonderful  formulas, 
on  account  of  his  age  and  afflictions  which  will  soon 
render  him  unfit  for  active  service.  His  remedies  are 
well  known  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific. 


TREATMENT  OF  THE  TREE 

To  treat  trees  properly  and  to  the  best  of  their 
interests,  the  writer  will  have  to  have  the  co-operation 
of  the  readers  and  determine  all  the  surrounding  con- 
ditions of  his  orchard  or  groves,  and  at  the  same  time 
give  the  soil  in  this  grove  your  particular  attention. 
The  most  correct  analysis  can  be  taken  by  the  owner 
himself,  really  better  than  any  expert  can  do,  as  science 
has  taught  the  reader  to  understand  that  certain  ele- 
ments are  necessary  in  the  soil  for  the  development  of 
certain  productions. 

It  is  the  writer's  opinion  that  nature  has  given  us 
the  best  lesson  possible  to  be  obtained  upon  this  im- 
portant subject  of  determining  the  elements  in  your 
soil.  For  illustration:  if  I  wanted  to  determine  how 
much  nitrogen  I  had  in  my  soil,  I  would  certainly  plant 
a  few  rows  of  potatoes ;  if  I  grew  rank  vines,  black  and 
strong,  this  would  indicate  I  had  plenty  of  nitrogen 
available.  If  I  wanted  to  test  for  potash,  I  would  plant 
a  few  rows  of  navy  beans;  if  they  grew  strong  and 
vigorous,  this  would  indicate  that  I  had  plenty  of  pot- 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  21 

ash.  This  same  rule  will  apply  to  all  elements  as  well 
as  minerals.  In  order  to  determine  the  mineral  ele- 
ments, plant  a  few  rows  of  strawberries,  and  if  you 
can  produce  sweet  berries  without  acid  being  strong 
enough  to  take  the  skin  off  of  your  mouth,  this  would 
determine  the  question  of  minerals  available. 

I  desire  to  make  plain  right  here  that  fruit,  which 
has  been  commonly  understood  as  being  composed  of 
nitrogen,  phosphate  and  humus,  is  absolutely  a  mis- 
take; as  the  flavor,  texture  and  development  of  all 
characteristics  of  fruit  depends  largely  upon  the  min- 
eral substances  in  the  soil.  Without  these  mineral 
substances  you  cannot  produce  the  fine  flavor,  the  fine 
texture,  and  the  high  polish  rind. 

This  requires  no  argument  other  than  a  little  bit 
of  good  horse  sense  and  observation,  as  every  reader 
will  agree  with  me  that  the  mountains  that  contain 
the  numerous  beds  of  minerals  are  ideal  spots.  If  the 
conditions  would  permit  to  produce  a  high  flavor,  a  fine 
texture  and  a  high  polished  rind,  these  substances  can 
be  easily  explained  and  administered  by  applications 
to  the  body  of  the  tree  and  the  results  are  surprising. 

The  writer  thinks  at  this  point  it  would  be  well  to 
quote  some  of  our  great  writers  as  to  their  conceptions 
of  nature. 

"We  would  be  happier  if  we  studied  nature  more  in 
natural  things;  and  acted  according  to  nature,  whose 
rules  are  few,  plain,  and  reasonable.  Let  us  begin  where 
she  begins,  go  her  pace,  and  close  always  where  she 
ends,  and  we  cannot  miss  of  being  good  naturahsts." 
— William  Penn. 


22  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

"Nature  does  not  capriciously  scatter  her  secrets 
as  golden  gifts  to  lazy  pets  and  luxurious  darlings, 
but  imposes  tasks  when  she  presents  opportunities, 
and  uplifts  him  whom  she  would  inform.  The  apple 
that  she  drops  at  the  feet  of  Newton  is  but  a  coy  in- 
vitation to  follow  her  to  the  stars." — Whipple. 

I  desire  to  also  have  my  readers  understand  that 
this  book  will  not  be  indexed  or  chaptered ;  on  the  other 
hand,  it  will  read  straight  from  beginning  to  end,  as 
it  is  a  fact  the  readers  can  only  get  the  value  that  the 
writer  is  to  hand  out  by  absolutely  reading  every  word 
in  this  book. 


DISEASES  OF  THE  TREE 

The  writer  realizes  the  most  important  factor  in 
this  book  will  be  the  subject  of  tree  diseases,  their 
causes  and  cures.  In  the  first  place  trees  are  like  indi- 
viduals, are  just  as  sensitive  and  just  as  much  subject 
to  diseases.  There  is  always  a  cause  for  the  starting 
of  a  disease,  this  cause  may  be  laid  to  many  conditions, 
especially  with  a  tree. 

Did  you  ever  stop  to  think  that  a  dozen  men  may 
contract  the  same  identical  disease,  with  the  same  con- 
ditions producing  the  disease.  You  will  note  that  a 
number  of  these  men  will  improve  rapidly,  while  all 
being  administered  the  same  treatment,  some  are  slow 
to  recover  and  others  perhaps  may  die  from  the  effects. 

Now  trees  are  the  same,  as  I  have  said  before. 
You  may  take  a  grove,  perhaps  a  dozen  or  two  trees 
are  diseased.    You  apply  certain  applications  or  reme- 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  23 

dies  and  a  certain  percentage  of  these  trees  show  re- 
covery, while  others  show  no  sign  of  recovery  by  the 
same  treatment.  Therefore,  it  is  an  indisputable  fact 
that  some  trees  can  stand  and  throw  off  disease  better 
than  some  others,  some  trees  like  men  being  more 
strongly  constituted  than  others,  and  the  weaker  re- 
quire more  careful  nourishing  and  perhaps  longer 
treatment. 

I  desire  to  instill  into  the  readers  the  one  promin- 
ent fact  that  all  men  are  not  constituted  alike,  neither 
are  all  trees  constituted  alike  of  the  same  varieties, 
neither  are  all  animals  constituted  alike  of  the  same 
family ;  therefore,  it  is  necessary  that  we  have  patience 
to  care  for,  nourish  and  treat  the  weaker  ones  of  these 
families  more  carefully  than  we  would  have  to  do  with 
the  more  rugged,  even  though  they  suffer  from  the 
same  cause  and  the  same  disease.  For  illustration; 
the  writer  has  taken  trees  that  have  been  pronounced 
incurable,  yet,  at  the  same  time  they  have  responded 
to  treatment  and  have  quickly  recovered,  while  others 
which  were  only  considered  in  a  bad  condition  have 
taken  very  much  more  time,  pains  and  care  to  produce 
the  same  results  as  mentioned  in  the  former. 

There  can  be  many  causes  for  citrus  tree  diseases ; 
the  writer  will  not  attempt  to  mention  all  causes  and 
conditions,  but  a  few  of  the  most  important.  In  the 
first  place,  as  stated  in  this  book,  it  has  often  been  the 
case  that  the  infant  tree  has  contracted  its  disease  in 
the  nursery  row  and  not  even  recognized  by  the  nur- 
seryman or  the  planter,  but  as  the  years  roll  around 
the  effects  become  more  noticeable. 


24  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

One  of  the  greatest  causes  for  tree  diseases  is 
perhaps  overlooked  by  more  growers  than  any  one 
thing,  and  that  is  soil  conditions  under  the  spread  of 
the  tree.  For  illustration ;  you  certainly  have  common 
sense  enough  to  know  that  where  soil  lies  dormant 
under  any  covering  whatsoever,  it  becomes  puttyfied, 
and  I  presume  you  will  know  that  the  soil  contains 
fine  rootlets  close  to  the  surface  running  pro  and  con 
in  every  direction,  which  keep  the  pores  of  the  soil 
open.  You  take  and  put  a  covering  over  this  condi- 
tion and  these  rootlets  that  keep  the  soil  open  soon 
become  dormant  and  lifeless. 

When  your  soil  reaches  this  stage  the  vegetable 
matter  in  the  soil  becomes  crystalized ;  this  takes  away 
the  life  action  of  the  soil.  When  this  point  is  reached, 
then  your  soil  becomes  infected  with  impurities,  sour, 
moldy  and  greasy-like,  without  life.  This  condition 
existing  around  the  tree  is  more  serious,  perhaps,  than 
under  some  other  conditions,  as  the  tree  itself,  or 
rather  the  body  of  the  tree,  is  like  your  own  body ;  it 
perspires,  throws  out  a  secretion.  With  soil  in  this 
condition  this  secretion  acts  in  the  manner  as  the  se- 
cretion from  a  man's  body  thrown  into  his  underwear, 
which  would  in  due  time  produce  a  horrible  odor;  or 
if  continued  for  a  period  of  years  will  absolutely,  and 
I  defy  contradiction,  produce  a  disease  such  as  would 
be  fitting  to  the  individual,  animal  or  tree. 

Trees  have  their  peculiar  diseases,  as  well  as  men 
and  all  other  families,  and  I  am  going  to  say  right  here 
something  that  I  am  satisfied  many  of  my  readers  will 
disagree  with  me  about,  but  at  the  same  time  I  have 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  25 

absolutely  demonstrated  facts,  and  that  is  this:  every 
living  family,  no  matter  what  family  it  is,  or  in  other 
words,  every  living  subject,  was  created  with  certain 
germs  imbedded  in  the  house  of  life  and  upon  certain 
conditions,  produce  either  insect  enemies  or  disease. 
Filth,  impurities,  poisons,  together  with  climatic  conr 
ditions  favorable,  will  develop  this  germ  or  insect  and 
deterioration  is  well  on  its  way. 

I  wish  to  impress  upon  the  mind  of  the  reader  one 
more  thing,  "An  ounce  of  preventive  is  worth  a  pound 
of  cure,"  which  has  proven  a  fact  in  every  instance 
from  the  planting  of  the  tree  down  through  its  living 
history.  The  body  of  that  tree  should  be,  and  must  be 
in  order  to  preserve  health  and  strength,  kept  clean, 
and  the  soil  must  be  kept  moist  where  this  tree  ex- 
pects to  gather  its  nutritious  matter.  If  this  method 
had  been  carried  out  from  the  infancy  of  trees,  I  would 
have  to  close  the  manufacturing  of  tree  medicines 
upon  short  notice,  as  there  would  be  no  demand.  On 
the  other  hand,  we  have  neglected,  and  we  are  paying 
the  penalty  that  nature  has  laid  down,  by  not  having 
the  real  true  understanding  of  nature  in  regard  to 
our  trees. 

Practically  all  diseases  of  the  tree  are  due  to  the 
conditions  herein  mentioned.  While  one  may  show  in 
different  form  to  the  other,  yet  the  same  conditions, 
I  wish  you  to  understand  practically  cause  all  of  it. 
For  illustration ;  we  will  mention  two  of  the  most  des- 
tructive diseases  among  the  citrus  trees ;  the  gum  dis- 
ease and  the  scaley  bark  disease. 

Your  trees  become  deteriorated,  which  is  notice- 


26  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

able  in  the  foliage,  your  foliage  is  thin,  the  leaves  are 
small  and  a  thousand  appear  upon  trees  where  there 
should  be  five  hundred ;  this  is  the  first  symptom  of  dis- 
ease. Now  the  first  thing  to  do  after  this  is  apparent, 
is  to  take  a  handful  of  the  soil  surrounding  the  body  of 
your  tree,  some  four  or  six  inches  down,  put  it  between 
your  hands  and  rub  it  thoroughly.  If  you  can  not 
detect  any  odor  by  giving  it  a  quick  smell  after  rub- 
bing, then  you  might  be  safe  in  saying  it  is  not  soil 
condition. 

Then  we  can  look  up  our  climatic  conditions  and 
see  what  they  have  been.  Very  often  this  last  is  the 
starting  point  of  disease,  the  writer  ventures  to  say 
that  unless  remedies  are  applied  to  prevent,  citrus 
trees  will  become  affected  in  larger  numbers  in  the 
next  few  years  than  have  ever  been  seen  in  Southern 
California,  due  to  the  climatic  conditions  of  1917. 

You  will  remember  that  the  early  part  of  1917 
was  cold,  much  fog  and  cloudy  weather;  immediately 
upon  the  change  from  this  condition  there  followed  an 
intense  heat.  Following  this  intense  heat  we  dropped 
into  one  of  the  longest  droughts,  perhaps,  that  South- 
em  California  has  seen  for  many  years.  During  this 
extreme  drought,  I  am  safe  in  saying,  there  was 
more  disease  created  among  the  human  family  than 
during  any  season  of  my  knowledge  in  California  for 
the  past  twelve  years.  There  were  more  people  com- 
plaining of  feeling  bad,  stupid,  with  coughs  and  hay 
fever  conditions.  For  about  four  months  we  lived  en- 
tirely upon  the  electricity  in  the  air  without  oxygen — 
the  foliage  lost  its  color  and  became  a  pale  yellow. 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  27 

Now,  this  condition  worked  a  hardship  upon  the 
body  and  also  the  branches  of  the  citrus  trees,  and 
especially  with  trees  that  were  densely  thick  and  with- 
out air  chambers  from  the  north  and  east  so  as  to  let 
the  air  come  in  contact  with  the  body  of  the  tree.  Or 
in  other  words,  the  two  o'clock  sun  produces  an  intense 
heat  in  a  closed  tree  from  the  south  and  west,  which 
would  produce  sunburn  of  the  branches  and  check  the 
flow  of  sap  and  finally  reach  its  way  down  to  the  body 
of  the  tree  and  will  eventually  cause  scaley  bark  in 
the  near  future  on  many  trees. 

This  condition  is  what  led  the  writer  to  the  dis- 
covery of  his  wonderful  tree  tonic.  It  is  absolutely 
necessary  to  make  some  applications  upon  the  body  of 
your  trees  at  least  once  a  year  that  will  keep  the  bark 
in  a  nice  soft  velvety  condition  where  it  can  expand 
with  a  natural  demand  for  growth.  This  also  keeps 
the  bark,  and  sap  cells  open  where  the  mechanical  ac- 
tion of  the  tree  may  be  strengthened  so  that  the  nutri- 
tious matter  gathered  from  the  soil  can  be  properly 
distributed  to  all  points  of  the  tree. 

The  writer  doesn't  ask  you  to  purchase  his  reme- 
dies, he  just  simply  gives  you  the  facts  that  are  neces- 
sary to  apply  some  solutions  of  some  kind  or  changes, 
especially  in  Southern  California  where  the  distribution 
of  rain  fall  is  so  wide  apart. 

The  body  needs  moisture  and  needs  a  coating  of 
something  that  will  retain  and  hold  moisture  during 
this  dry  period.  You  probably  can  find  some  solution 
that  would  apply  and  at  the  same  time  be  a  benefit  to 
some  extent  your  tree,  but  you  must  understand  and 


28  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

realize  to  do  this  you  must  apply  something  that  will 
penetrate  and  is  composed  of  nutritious  matter,  which 
adds  wonderfully  to  the  development  of  your  fruit,  as 
well  as  keeping  the  body  in  a  good  condition. 

It  is  safe  for  the  writer  to  say  that  he  has  made 
the  only  discovery  so  far  known  in  the  United  States, 
that  is  absolutely  composed  of  mineral  and  nutritious 
elements  especially  benefitting  to  both  tree  and  fruit. 
The  writer  realizes  that  for  the  protection  and  benefit 
of  the  citrus  grower  some  necessary  legislation  is 
needed  in  the  form  of  careful  investigation  and  examin- 
ation of  every  man  who  pretends  ,or  offers  to  suggest, 
or  apply  remedies  to  trees  and  accepting  money  from 
the  grower  without  giving  proper  value  in  return.  I 
see  no  other  plan  better  than  to  have  every  man  who 
pretends  to  treat  trees  and  writes  the  public  upon  tree 
treatments  to  pass  a  rigid  examination  before  a  well 
qualified  board  of  growers,  showing  his  or  her  ability 
to  properly  understand  the  so-called  diseases.  Or  to 
put  it  stronger,  he  or  she  must  understand  and  be  able 
to  convince  this  board  that  his  method  or  system  is 
absolutely  logical  and  practical.  If  this  condition  is 
met,  there  will  be  less  diseased  trees  and  fewer  tree 
doctors. 

The  writer  has  experimented  upon  trees  both 
healthy  and  diseased,  with  almost  every  possible 
drug  and  mineral  substance  known.  He  has  tested  out 
thoroughly  the  results  to  be  obtained  from  the  many 
experiments,  and  after  all  this,  found  very  few  drugs 
that  can  be  applied  to  the  tree  satisfactorily.  Many 
drugs  will  cause  a  stimulus  for  a  time,  but  like  whiskey. 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  29 

when  it  disappears  in  a  man's  stomach,  he  is  worse  off 
than  if  he  had  not  taken  it. 

What  the  grower  wants  is  something  that  has  a 
lasting  effect  and  this  can  only  be  obtained  by  abso- 
lutely using  the  nutritious  matter  as  mineral  substance 
especially  adapted  and  beneficial  to  the  tree.  There 
can  be  no  substance  used  upon  a  tree  satisfactorily 
that  will  not  mix  with  water,  many  things  will  start 
and  cause  a  reaction  fo  a  short  period,  but  when  that 
effect  has  passed  away,  then  your  tree  deteriorates 
faster  than  before  you  put  it  on. 

After  reading  this  book  carefully,  if  you  find  you 
have  a  diseased  tree  ,  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  direct 
correspondence  with  me  after  you  have  answered  my 
questions  pertaining  to  the  surroundings,  soil  condi- 
tions, and  other  conditions,  I  will  be  more  abli  to  give 
you  better  value.  It  may  be  understood  here  now  that 
every  purchaser  of  this  book  will  be  entitled  to  private 
correspondence  with  the  writer  by  the  enclosing  of  re- 
turn postage,  no  further  expense. 

The  writer  desires  to  remind  the  reader  once  more 
before  leaving  this  subject  that  the  body  represents  the 
life  and  must  be  kept  clean  and  the  bark  in  a  soft  con- 
dition so  as  to  expand.  We  will  now  talk  a  little  while 
on  the  subject  of  cultivation. 

CULTIVATION 

The  writer  thinks  there  is  more  improper  culti- 
vation than  there  is  profitable  cultivation.  Improper 
cultivation  means  to  continuously  cultivate  the  center 


30  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

of  your  rows  without  paying  any  attention  to  the  soil 
close  up  and  around  the  trunk  of  your  tree. 

The  writer  makes  the  statement  here  that  two 
thorough  cultivations  under  and  around  the  trunk  of 
the  tree  is  of  more  value  than  five  cultivations  in  the 
middle  of  the  row.  The  reason  for  this  lies  in  the 
fact  that  proper  cultivation  under  the  spread  of  the 
tree  continues  to  keep  new  life  in  the  soil. 

The  soil  needs  to  gather  moisture  and  retain  the 
same.  Not  only  this,  but  when  the  soil  is  lively  and 
in  a  sweet  condition,  new  feeders  will  form  near  the 
trunk  of  the  tree.  If  nothing  under  the  tree  can  be 
found  to  feed  upon,  then  the  roots  must  gather  their 
food  from  beyond  the  spread  of  the  tree.  This  makes 
a  long  transportation  to  connect  with  the  body  of  the 
tree,  and  where  the  base  roots  lose  their  feeders  on 
account  of  no  substance  or  moisture,  this  base  root 
then  becomes  dry  and  many  times  cracks  open  or  scales. 
This  condition,  when  the  sap  from  the  nutritious  mat- 
ter comes  from  the  middle  of  the  row,  reaches  this 
affected  part  of  the  base  root,  causes  much  of  the  food 
value  to  be  lost,  and  a  certain  percentage  does  not 
reach  the  base  of  the  tree.  For  this  reason  it  is  very 
important  to  keep  the  soil  in  a  condition  so  that  these 
base  roots  will  be  properly  taken  care  of,  by  keeping 
the  tree  from  drooping  entirely  to  the  ground,  and 
leaving  an  air  space  that  the  air  may  circulate  under 
the  tree  and  around  the  body.  This,  you  will  find,  will 
be  of  great  value  to  the  tree. 

There  could  be  many  things  said  about  cultivation ; 
I  will  mention  a  few  of  the  improper  things.     First; 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  31 

it  is  improper  to  cultivate  a  grove  heavily  in  the  month 
of  August — this  has  a  tendency  to  prevent  the  matur- 
ity of  your  first  season's  growth.  Second,  it  would 
have  a  tendency  to  throw  the  organic  matter  out  of 
the  soil  into  the  air.  A  dust  mulsh  would  be  proper; 
that  is,  to  cultivate  with  a  steel  tooth  harrow,  followed 
by  a  light  float — this  especially  applies  to  a  light  soil. 

No  man  can  make  a  set  of  rules  that  would  apply 
to  cultivation,  for  the  fact  that  it  would  be  misleading 
to  many ;  others  would  prosper  by  it.  Different  classi- 
fications of  soil  require  different  methods  of  cultivation. 
Heavy  soil  cannot  be  handled  in  the  same  manner  as 
light  soil.  This  is  a  matter  in  which  the  grower  must 
be  his  own  judge.  He  should  study  the  conditions  of 
his  soil,  and  know  better  how  to  cultivate  it  than  any 
other  man  could  tell  him. 

We  will  leave  the  subject  of  cultivation  at  this 
time  and  take  up  the  matter  of  pruning. 

PRUNING 

Pruning  is  an  important  feature  to  fruit  growing. 
Butchery  is  detrimental  to  fruit  growing.  This  is  a 
matter  in  which  no  rule  can  be  laid  down,  and  but  little 
advice  can  be  rendered,  as  each  tree  is  a  separate  indi- 
vidual. No  two  trees  require  exactly  the  same  method 
of  pruning.  Again,  trees  grown  on  heavy  land  require 
more  severe  pruning  than  those  grown  on  light  soils. 
About  all  I  care  to  say  at  this  time  in  regard  to  pruning 
is  to  explain  the  three  fundamental  principles  which 
should  be  carried  out  in  all  pruning. 


32  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

When  the  tree  is  about  to  come  into  bearing,  prin- 
ciple number  one  is:  to  symmetrically  shape  and 
form  your  tree  for  its  future.  Take  into  consideration 
your  climatic  conditions,  especially  as  to  heat.  Always 
leave  your  heavy  branches  on  the  south  and  west  to 
protect  your  tree  against  the  twelve  to  two  o'clock 
sun.  There  can  be  no  definite  advice  in  this  matter, 
for,  as  I  stated  above,  each  tree  represents  itself,  and 
it  is  a  question  of  good  judgment.  The  man  with  the 
best  judgment  shapes  his  tree  best  for  future  con- 
ditions. 

Principle  number  two:  is  to  remove  all  surplus 
or  unnatural  wood,  water  sprouts,  etc.  This  is  another 
question  of  good  judgment  to  determine  what  is  fruit 
wood  growth,  and  what  vacancies  and  holes  in  your 
tree  should  be  filled. 

Principle  number  three :  is  to  carefully  prune  your 
tree  so  that  you  may  have  small  air  chambers  passing 
through  from  the  north  and  east  side  of  your  tree. 
This  I  consider  one  of  the  most  valuable  points,  espec- 
ially where  there  is  as  much  sunshine  as  is  found  in 
Southern  California.  These  air  chambers  are  great 
preventatives  against  moss,  scaley  bark,  gum  disease, 
and  bark  bound  conditions.  When  plenty  of  air  cir- 
culates around  the  tree  with  the  southwest  closed, 
where  the  strong  heat  penetrates,  the  air  coming  from 
the  north  and  east  keeps  a  much  better  temperature 
in  your  tree. 

The  writer  will  be  only  too  glad  to  answer  any 
and  all  questions  regarding  pruning,  after  he  has  ob- 
tained the  full  particulars  and  conditions  surrounding 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  33 

the  groves  upon  which  the  advice  is  desired.  It  might 
be  well  to  say  here  that  the  writer  has  supervised  the 
pruning  of  more  than  one  million  trees,  and  as  high 
as  fifty  thousand  in  one  season. 

The  time  for  pruning  is  of  the  greatest  impor- 
tance. This  is  a  question  that  the  writer  has  long 
experimented  upon,  and  has  long  been  convinced  that 
an  amputation  upon  man,  beast  or  tree  will  heal  and 
perfect  itself  more  quickly,  with  less  shock  to  the  tree 
in  the  months  in  which  vegetation  and  everything  is 
in  its  highest  state  of  condition.  No  months  should  a 
man  feel  better,  speaking  in  this  altitude  and  latitude, 
than  the  months  of  May  and  June.  Therefore,  I  con- 
sider from  April  to  July  first  the  proper  period  for 
pruning.  Those  who  have  followed  my  method  can 
speak  for  themselves.  So  far  as  I  know,  it  has  proven 
best. 

Now  getting  back  to  the  most  vital,  the  most  im- 
portant, and  the  one  thing  which  cannot  be  neglected 
without  bad  results  following — that  is,  to  keep  the  body 
of  your  tree  in  such  condition  that  the  bark  may  ex- 
pand by  the  natural  demand  of  wood  growth.  The 
writer  for  many,  many  years  gave  the  body  of  the  tree 
his  entire  attention,  which  lead  him  to  the  wonderful 
discovery  which  the  growers  throughout  the  country 
are  now  being  excited  over.  That  is  his  wonderful  tree 
tonic  and  root  extract. 

APPLICATION  OF  TREE  TONIC 

This  tonic  is  applied  upon  the  body  of  the  tree, 
after  making  a  basin  around  the  trunk  of  the  tree  down 


34  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

to  the  base  roots  commencing  with  the  base  and  apply 
a  good  heavy  coat  from  the  base  roots  to  where  the 
branches  leave  the  body  of  the  tree — this  being  termed 
the  distributing  agency.  Apply  plenty  of  this  in  the 
forks  and  upon  the  limbs  at  least  one  foot  to  fourteen 
or  sixteen  inches.  This  is  the  only  discovery  offered 
to  citrus  growers  that  will  meet  the  conditions  of  the 
citrus  tree  and  absolutely  cure  all  diseases  of  the  tree. 

The  reason  it  cures  all  diseases  is  as  follows;  the 
first  application  commences  the  loosening  of  the  bark. 
The  second,  two  weeks  later,  continues  the  loosening 
of  the  bark  and  begins  to  enlarge  the  sap  cells.  The 
third  application,  thirty  days  later,  completes  the  work 
of  the  second,  and  starts  a  reaction  of  sap.  The  fourth 
application,  sixty  days  later,  stimulates  the  heart  ac- 
tion or  mechanical  action,  gives  forth  a  new  sap  of  a 
healthy  nature  and  sends  it  to  the  ends  of  the  twigs 
and  into  the  foliage.  Then  you  will  notice  that  your 
foliage  spreads  in  width  and  grows  thicker  and  darker. 

A  heavy  foliage  denotes  health,  but  trees  that 
have  thousands  and  thousands  of  leaves  that  are  small 
and  pointed  are  in  a  deteriorating  condition.  One 
fourth  that  amount  of  leaves  that  are  heavy  in  width, 
starchy  and  black  can  feed  your  fruit,  as  fruit  depends 
largely  for  its  development  upon  the  nutritious  matter 
fed  through  the  foliage,  especially  so  far  as  nitrogen 
is  concerned. 

The  writer  today  has  under  his  charge  something 
more  than  twenty-five  thousand  citrus  trees  of  all  ages 
and  conditions.  This,  perhaps,  makes  more  of  an  ex- 
perimental station  than  would  be  obtained  otherwise. 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  35 

as  these  trees  are  located  in  different  communities, 
with  different  classifications  of  soils  and  different  sur- 
roundings, which  give  the  writer  a  far  better  chance 
to  study  all  conditions. 

ROOT  EXTRACT 

I  will  just  mention  a  few  facts  concerning  my  Root 
Extract  and  what  it  is.  It  is  a  liquid  which  is  made 
from  minerals  and  nutritious  matters,  together  with 
such  matter  as  would  have  a  tendency  to  purify  and 
sweeten  and  reinstate  soil  conditions. 

The  writer  will  now  send  in  a  few  sharp  shooters, 
and  if  you  are  not  a  "mutt"  you  will  grasp  them. 

SHARP  SHOOTERS 

Shot  No.  1 — Prune,  don't  butcher.  Capacity  is 
what  is  needed.  Make  your  body  grow  in  proportion 
to  the  spread  of  your  top.  Messick's  Tree  Tonic  does 
this. 

Shot  No.  2 — ^When  you  see  your  trees  begin  to 
deteriorate,  don't  stand  on  the  outside  and  look  at  it. 
Go  inside ;  examine  your  bark. 

Shot  No.  3 — The  cultivation  under  the  tree  means 
much.  Do  it  or  leave  it.  The  removing  of  suckers  is 
essential  at  the  proper  time,  June  to  October.  If  you 
don't  know  what  fruit  wood  is,  ask  some  one. 

Shot  No.  4 — If  the  south  and  west  sides  of  your 
tree  are  exposed  to  the  hot  sun,  that  is  to  say,  the  body, 
place  a  protector  there  at  once.  This  will  probably 
save  your  tree. 

Shot  No.  5 — K  you  don't  want  the  inside  of  your 


36  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

tree  to  bum,  let  light  and  air  in  from  the  north  and 
east  sides. 

Shot  No.  6 — When  your  foliage  gets  thick  and 
small,  pointed  and  soft,  this  indicates  lack  of  circula- 
tion. Messick's  Tree  Tonic  applied  to  the  body  will 
save  your  tree. 

Shot  No.  7 — Be  careful  about  the  first  irrigation 
in  the  spring.  Make  your  furrows  farther  apart,  away 
from  the  tree  than  you  would  later  in  the  season,  for 
the  reason  that  cold  water,  if  too  close  to  the  tree,  gives 
a  set-back  at  this  time.  As  the  weather  gets  warmer 
make  your  ditches  closer  to  the  tree. 

Shot  No.  8 — An  ounce  of  preventive  is  worth  a 
pound  of  cure.  Keep  your  trees  in  a  healthy  condition 
with  perfect  flow  of  sap  and  no  disease  need  enter  your 
grove.  Messick's  Tree  Tonic  does  this.  Two  applica- 
tions a  year  produce  more  sugar,  more  juice,  twenty 
per  cent  more  weight  and  a  thin  rind.  If  you  want 
this,  say  so. 

Shot  No.  9 — The  writer  is  going  to  enclose  in  this 
book  some  valuable  formulas,  not  to  be  had  elsewhere, 
and  only  to  be  used  by  the  purchaser  of  this  book. 
The  purchaser  must  take  his  oath  that  he  will  use  these 
formulas  upon  his  own  grove  and  no  other,  nor  will  he 
divulge  any  part  of  these  formulas  to  any  manufac- 
turer of  f  ertihzers,  or  any  other  person  or  persons  than 
his  immediate  family.  It  has  taken  the  writer  many 
years  to  compound  a  fertilizer  especially  adapted  to 
citrus  trees.  This  the  grower  makes  upon  his  own 
premises,  buying  his  own  raw  material. 

Shot  No.  10 — If  you  have  a  head  full  of  scientific 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  37 

theories,  don't  be  a  block  head  and  let  these  theories 
prevent  you  from  using  your  best  judgment  and  com- 
mon horse  sense,  the  latter  is  what  it  takes  to  be  a 
successful  citrus  grower. 

Shot  No.  11 — Did  you  ever  stop  to  think  that  life 
is  represented  in  the  same  manner  and  form  with  a 
tree  as  with  everything  else  that  exists,  lives  and  dies, 
and  the  body  is  the  house  that  contains  the  machine? 
K  you  don't  believe  this,  you  make  a  mistake,  and  you 
are  the  loser.  Keep  your  house  well  preserved  and 
your  machinery  working  fine. 

Shot  No.  12 — The  above  are  eleven  commandments. 
If  you  respect  them,  you  will  honor  the  writer. 

FERTILIZATION 

A  word  in  regard  to  fertilization; — the  writer  is 
the  first  man  in  the  United  States  to  produce  a  tree 
fertilizer.  This  fertilizer  was  especially  compounded 
for  the  production  of  apples.  Later  he  compounded  a 
similar  fertilizer  for  citrus  trees,  but  has  never  placed 
it  on  the  market. 

It  is  a  fact  that  citrus  trees  require  a  much 
stronger  fertilizer  than  is  required  for  apples,  as  the 
citrus  trees  have  three  distinct  periods  of  growth  and 
continued  foliage.  The  difference  between  the  apple 
tree  and  the  citrus  tree  is  as  follows:  the  citrus  has 
three  descensions  and  three  ascensions  every  twelve 
months,  therefore  the  citrus  practically  feeds  all  of 
the  twelve  months,  while  the  apple  only  feeds  six 
months,  lying  dormant  the  other  six  months. 

I  am  sorry  to  say  that  with  all  of  the  scientific 


38  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

experiments  that  have  been  made  in  later  years,  they 
have  not  discovered  the  real  genuine  fertilizer  that 
fills  the  requirements,  needs  and  demands  of  a  citrus 
tree  and  its  fruits.  Humus  is  the  prime  factor.  Fol- 
lowing humus,  minerals  are  largely  needed,  some  phos- 
phate and  some  nitrogen  is  also  necessary. 

The  writer  stands  ready  to  say  that  the  formula 
which  he  will  enclose  with  this  book,  will  be  of  more 
value  to  the  citrus  growers  of  California  than  any 
thing  they  have  ever  had  handed  down  to  them ;  for  if 
they  buy  their  owA  raw  materials  in  the  crude  state, 
manufacture  it  on  their  own  premises,  they  certainly 
lessen  the  cost  of  fertilization.  The  compounding  of 
this  formula  can  be  done  by  any  common,  ordinary, 
sensible  man,  woman,  or  child ;  as  the  larger  part  of  it 
means  only  work. 

Any  man  who  uses  this  formula  three  years  and 
does  not  say  he  has  received  more  value  than  from  any 
other  method  he  has  ever  tested,  he  may  quickly  re- 
turn the  formula  to  the  writer,  and  the  refund  of  his 
money  will  follow  by  return  mail.  The  writer  knows 
whereof  he  speaks,  and  this  book  is  only  composed  of 
absolutely  demonstrated  facts.  The  writer  does  not 
consider  it  wise  to  use  a  whole  lot  of  surplus  and  un- 
necessary language  in  this  book.  We  must  deal  with 
the  matter  in  a  careful  manner  and  with  as  few  words 
as  possible. 

Fertilizers  contain  only  one  element;  for  instance, 
blood  contains  one  element,  bone  another,  tankage 
another,  nitrate  of  soda  another, — the  writer  com- 
pounded the  whole  in  one,  together  with  the  humus 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  39 

producing  the  sweetening  of  the  soil  and  the  minerals 
that  are  absolutely  necessary  for  the  development  of 
the  fruit.  Too  much  blood  will  create  damage  to  the 
tree;  so  with  nitrate  of  soda  or  any  of  the  hydrates 
if  used  in  too  large  quantities  and  all  by  itself. 

It  has  been  my  experience  that  the  soil  much  pre- 
fers the  combination  of  all  the  necessary  elements  in 
one  and  it  can  more  quickly  relish  and  digest  same. 
It  is  seldom  you  hear  this  when  questions  are  raised, 
"How  is  your  soil  for  minerals?"  Have  you  ever  had 
any  one  ask  you  if  salt  was  necessary  in  your  soil? 
Did  you  ever  ask  any  one?  Salt  is  a  mineral  and  pro- 
duces moisture  wherever  it  is  and  retains  moisture. 
Is  it  necessary  or  not? 

.  I  would  like  to  call  your  attention  to  the  moun- 
tain district.  Have  you  ever  noticed  that  the  best 
flavor,  the  best  developed  fruit  that  is  produced  is  in 
the  groves  that  lie  nearest  the  mountains  ?  This  does 
not  apply  to  citrus  groves  alone,  but  to  all  classes  of 
fruit,  and  proves  conclusively  that  the  mineral  sub- 
stances which  the  disintegration  of  the  mountain  sup- 
plies, are  an  important  factor  in  the  production  of 
the  finer  flavored  fruits.  The  fruit  farther  away  from 
the  mountains  contains  less  of  this  element. 

The  writer  desires  the  reader  to  understand  that 
he  is  not  writing  this  book  simply  for  money.  On  the 
other  hand,  he  is  absolutely  sure  that  this  is  the  only 
way  in  which  he  can  possibly  give  the  grower  the  value 
of  his  life  work  and  not  confuse  the  grower  upon  any 
other  subject  than  the  one  in  which  he  is  interested. 
This  is  like  the  boy's  speller  at  school,  or  his  reader — 


40  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

you  must  read  and  re-read  until  you  thoroughly  com- 
mit it  in  order  to  get  the  value  from  this  book.  Allow 
no  one  to  cause  you  to  deviate  from  the  methods 
handed  down  to  you  in  these  pages  until  you  have 
absolutely  made  a  two  years  test. 

The  question  of  how  to  fertilize  is  of  the  greatest 
importance.  One  time  in  the  writer's  life  he  was 
called  to  the  platform  in  a  state  horticultural  assem- 
bly where  one  of  the  greatest  fruit  growers  in  the 
United  States  had  just  retired  from  the  platform, 
who  had  been  assigned  the  subject  'The  Best  Methods 
of  Fertilization."  This  great  authority  stated  that 
he  used  commercial  fertilizer  in  his  grove  and  that 
he  used  a  drill  and  drilled  the  fertilizer,  going  up  and 
then  down  in  the  center  of  each  row. 

When  the  writer  was  called  to  the  platform  he 
spoke  on  the  same  subject.  He  took  exception  to 
this  great  man's  methods  and  by  illustration  showed 
the  growers,  to  their  entire  satisfaction,  that  this 
man  was  absolutely  wrong. 

This  illustration  was  used:  "The  former  speaker's 
method  puts  me  in  mind  of  placing  my  horse  in  one 
corner  of  the  bam  and  tying  him  there,  and  placing 
his  feed  box  in  the  opposite  comer  and  put  his  feed 
in  it  regularly  at  feeding  time  until  his  box  would 
get  full  and  run  over.  But  it  would  take  that  horse 
a  long  time  before  he  could  stretch  that  rope  long 
enough  to  reach  that  food.  Now,  Mr.  Grower,  you 
know  as  well  as  I  do  that  the  roots  must  extend  out 
to  this  point  and  your  fertilizer  must  become  part  of 
the  soil  before  your  feeders  can  accept  it.    When  this 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  41 

condition  is  ready  for  the  feeders,  then  it  is  a  long 
transportation  from  there  to  the  receiving  agency  of 
your  tree. 

"Now,  isn't  this  rather  unwise,  unskillful,  and 
not  the  best  method  to  be  obtained,  from  the  fact 
that  nature  has  declared  so  emphatically  that  the  tree 
top  must  spread  in  proportion  to  the  spread  of  the 
roots,  and  when  they  have  reached  the  outer  circle 
of  the  tree,  nature  says  they  must  go  downward  and 
not  straight  outward.  The  sun  would  have  a  tendency 
to  affect  them.  On  the  other  hand,  they  must  go  down 
and  search  the  soil  for  moisture  and  for  mineral  sub- 
stances, and  the  roots  closer  to  the  surface  must  gather 
the  humus,  nitrogen  and  phosphate  near  the  surface. 

"If  your  grove  is  saturated  with  fine  rootlfets 
throughout  the  center  of  the  rows,  I  want  to  say 
frankly  to  you  these  roots  are  not  feeders  for  your 
tree,  but  are  soil  robbers.  You  should  tear  these  up 
by  plowing  deep  in  the  center  of  your  rows  at  least 
every  two  years,  one  year  one  way,  and  the  next  year 
the  other,  not  going  closer  than  eight  feet  from  your 
tree,  then  plow  shallow  up  to  the  circle  of  your  tree. 

SYMPTOMS  OF  TREE  DISEASES 

Symptom  No.  1.  To  notice  deterioration,  the  first 
symptom  will  show  in  a  large  amount  of  foliage  be- 
qoming  very  small,  sharp-pointed  and  soft.  This 
symptom  indicates  that  the  lungs  of  the  tree  are 
closed ;  that  the  tree  is  receiving  no  nitrogen  from  the 
air;  immediate  steps  should  be  taken  to  cause  a  re- 
action of  the  sap. 


42  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

Symptom  No.  2.  Examine  your  soil  close  up  to  the 
body  of  the  tree.  Take  a  handful  of  soil  six  inches 
deep  close  to  the  body  of  the  tree  and  place  in  a  glass 
of  water.  Let  stand  thirty-six  hours,  then  pour  the 
water  off  and  smell  the  soil.  If  it  smells  sour,  musty 
and  moldy  this  would  indicate  sour  sap  has  been  raised. 

Symptom  No.  3.  To  determine  gum  disease,  put 
your  hand  on  the  body  of  the  tree;  feel  if  the  bark 
has  become  tightened;  notice  closely  if  any  checks  or 
pockets  in  the  bark  are  noticeable.  Let  your  hand 
remain  on  the  body  of  the  tree  until  the  heat  has 
gone  out  of  your  hand ;  if  the  body  sends  a  cold  sensa- 
tion, this  would  indicate  that  your  tree  is  not  in  bad 
condition.  If  there  is  no  coolness,  but  the  bark  feels 
luke  warm  and  lifeless,  this  would  indicate  that  the 
outer,  or  bark,  cell  saps  are  not  working.  This  same 
symptom  applies  to  scaley  bark.  Another  symptom 
that  follows  this  is  the  light  color  that  the  foliage 
takes  on,  with  frequent  yellow  leaves  showing  up. 

Symptoms  of  health:  First;  a  real  cold  sensa- 
tion to  the  hand  from  the  body.  Second;  a  smooth 
skin  or  bark  on  both  body  and  branches.  Third; 
wide  or  broad,  black,  stiff,  starchy  foliage.  Fourth; 
when  leaf  will  bend  and  when  put  together  will  crack 
like  a  ripe  watermelon,  this  denotes  health  and  indi- 
cates that  the  foliage  is  drawing  its  share  of  nitrogen 
from  the  air;  also  denotes  that  the  heart  or  inner 
sap  is  in  good  condition  and  able  to  throw  off  all  im- 
purities and  stand  a  strong  attack  from  the  enemy. 

Notify  the  physician  as  to  any  of  the  above  con- 
ditions and  free  communication  will  at  once  begin. 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  43 


(Pradical  Study  of  Nature 


The  writer  wishes  to  speak  a  few  words  as  to 
the  study  of  nature,  as  we  all  know  that  the  book  of 
nature  is  a  large  one  and  no  one  man  can  ever  be  able 
to  fully  understand.  But  there  are  certain  points 
along  this  beautiful  study  in  which  men  may  become 
more  skilled  than  others.  This  can  only  be  done  by 
the  singling  out  of  one  subject.  The  study  of  the 
orange  and  lemon  would  be  quite  different  to  that  of 
deciduous  fruits,  small  fruits  or  walnuts.  Therefore, 
the  writer  for  the  last  few  years  has  confined  him- 
self strictly  to  the  study  of  citrus  trees. 

I  presume  every  reader  will  realize  this  one  fact, 
that  a  man  who  studied  nature  and  made  demonstra- 
tions would  be  called  a  practical  man,  or  a  crank  by 
the  college  experts.  Therefore,  it  makes  a  hard  fight 
for  a  practical  man  to  get  recognition  without  a  col- 
lege diploma.  The  writer  does  not  wish  to  speak 
harshly  of  the  scientific  heroes,  but  will  ask  a  few 
questions  of  the  grower  and  let  him  answer  them 
himself. 

First:  What  have  the  scientific  bureaus  done  for 
the  fruit  growers?  Now  be  fair  in  this  matter  in 
compiling  your  answer. 

Second:  Have  the  scientific  bureaus  eradicated 
any  diseases  that  attack  your  trees? 

Third:    Have  the  scientific  bureaus  eradicated  or 


44  CITEUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

exterminated  a  single  pest  or  insect  that  preys  upon 
your  fruit  or  trees? 

Fourth:  If  you  know  of  any  discovery  of  any 
particular  value  that  has  been  rendered  to  you  by  the 
scientific  bureaus  or  university,  won't  you  be  kind 
enough  to  send  the  Doctor  a  letter  stating  what  value 
has  been  obtained  from  the  scientific  bureaus,  as  the 
Doctor  wishes  to  put  himself  right  in  the  matter.  He 
already  knows  of  some  good  things  they  have  done, 
and  he  does  not  wish  to  be  unfair. 

What  we  need  is  more  careful  diagnosis  of  each 
particular  grove  and  a  record  book  in  which  the  grower 
may  keep  a  careful  record  of  all  conditions  and  also 
all  results  of  all  treatments.  This  will  quickly  deter- 
mine what  the  proper  treatment  of  trees  means. 

But  keep  this  in  mind,  Mr.  Grower,  the  body  of 
the  tree  is  the  life ;  in  fact  it  represents  the  entire  tree. 
Keep  this  body  in  good  condition.  So  far  nothing  has 
been  discovered  better  than  Doctor  Messick's  Tree 
Tonic. 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  45 


Dr.  Messick's  Work  Commended 


We  will  add  to  this  a  few  compliments  upon  the 
Doctor's  work  through  life,  together  with  a  piece  of 
poetry  written  by  Mr.  Atwood,  editor  of  the  "Practical 
Fruit  Growers,"  Springfield  Mo.,  as  follows : 

Introduction  of  H.  L.  Messick  by  G.  A.  Atwood, 
Editor  of  the  "Practical  Fruit  Growers,"  at  Spring- 
field, Mo.,  before  the  Green  County  Horticultural  So- 
ciety meeting: 

"The  founder  of  organizations,  which  for  the 
producer  have  stood;  the  friend  of  the  tree  in 
affliction;  he  knows  all  its  sap  cells  and  wood. 
The  man  of  the  million  tree  record;  those  trees 
now  wave  in  the  sky  and  bearing  their  fruit  in 
abundance,  they  prove  to  the  passer-by,  that  he 
in  vain  has  not  labored  in  studying  out  their  need. 
When  soil  is  impoverished  and  lacking,  he  knows 
how  their  hunger  to  feed." 

THE  MILLION  TREE  MAN 
Is  he  a  national  hero  and  why. 

Oh,  who  is  the  National  hero. 

Not  he  who  lives  to  destroy, 
Not  they  with  their  guns  or  warships 

Devastating  the  earth  of  its  joy. 

But  he  who  gives  aid  to  dame  Nature 
And  helps  her  to  blossom  and  bear, 

Rich  fruits  for  her  unborn  children 
And  makes  patient  earth  more  fair. 


46  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

The  tall  waving  trees  and  blossoms 
More  graciously  wave  in  the  sky, 

To  praise  their  friend  and  co-worker 
To  all  of  the  passers-by. 

All  hail  to  the  Burbanks  and  Messicks, 
Producers  of  beauty  and  work; 

Are  friends  and  the  benefactors 
Of  all  of  the  children  of  earth. 

Oh,  turn  ye  the  guns  into  plow  shares. 
And  pruning  hooks  too;  and  you  can. 

And  make  of  destroyers,  producers, 
All  hail  to  the  million  tree  man. 

Through  long  years  of  toiling  and  pruning. 
With  eyes  lifted  up  toward  the  sun ; 

His  sight  at  last  was  the  price  he  paid 
E'er  he  nature's  secrets  had  won. 

This  man  with  the  million  tree  record. 
This  wizard  and  friend  of  the  trees 

Will  kindly  now  address  you, 
So  listen  attentively,  please. 

He  launched  many  organizations. 

That  long  have  flourished  and  grown ; 

He  labored  to  prosper  the  many 

Without  thought  of  gain  for  his  own. 


C.  H.  Williamson,  of  Quincy,  Illinois,  the  man  of 
the  thousand  acres,  said: 

"Doctor  Messick  is  a  wizard."  Later  Mr.  Wil- 
liamson, at  the  Mississippi  Apple  Growers  Association, 
of  which  Mr.  Messick  is  the  founder,  said  : 

"I  have  known  Mr.  Messick  for  a  long  time  and 
know  of  his  numerous  and  wonderful  demonstrations. 
I  consider  Mr.  Messick  is  an  exception  among  men,  so 
far  as  knowledge  of  trees  is  concerned." 


FIRST  NATIONAL  BANK 

OF  LORDSBURG,   CAL. 

E.  R.  YUNDT,  President  H.  J.  VANIMAN,  Vice-Pres. 

L.  A.  BLICKENSTAFF,  Cashier 

Monday,  March  4th,  1918. 
Mr.  H.  L.  Messick, 
Pomona,  Cal. 
Dear  Sir: 

I  wish  to  congratulate  and  express  to  you  my 
thanks  for  having  been  induced  to  try  your  celebrated 
Tree  Tonic  and  Root  Extract.  I  think  it  has  been 
quite  beneficial  to  trees  affected  with  gum  disease, 
and  tends  to  build  up  the  tree  in  general,  (well  or  sick). 
I  must  say  you  are  a  wizard  in  your  line. 

Personally  am  very  sorry  that  you  do  not  have 
eye  sight  that  you  might  see  the  beautiful  rich  green 
color  of  the  orange  tree,  and  especially  beautiful  when 
treated  with  your  preparations. 

Yours  very  truly, 
(Signed)  H.  J.  VANIMAN, 

Vice-President. 


Office  of  CHARLES  C.  CHAPMAN 

Fullerton,  California. 
February  19th,  1918. 
Dr.  Webber, 
Riverside,  California 

My  Dear  Doctor  Webber:— 

I  take  pleasure  in  introducing  my  friend,  Mr. 
H.  L.  Messick  of  Pomona. 

Mr.  Messick  has  given  life-long  study  to  the 
care  of  apple  and  orange  trees,  and  I  feel  sure  he  has 
some  information  that  would  be  valuable  to  the  grow- 
ers in  general.  Anyway,  he  would  be  glad  to  meet 
you  and  have  a  little  talk  with  you  about  the  interests 
of  the  citrus  industry  here  in  Southern  California. 

Sincerely  yours, 
CHARLES  C.  CHAPMAN. 


48  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 


RECORD  OF  CROPS 


In  conclusion  of  this  book,  the  writer  has  decided 
to  place  a  blank  map  of  a  ten  acre  grove,  numbering 
each  tree,  so  that  the  grower  may  place  in  his  memo- 
randum on  the  blank  sheet  the  condition  of  each  tree. 
This  will  prove  to  be  of  great  value  in  keeping  con- 
stantly in  touch  with  the  deteriorated  tree  in  the 
grove.  Wherever  a  tree  shows  signs  of  deterioration, 
immediate  steps  should  be  taken  for  its  relief.  By 
having  a  record  of  each  tree,  it  would  be  easy  to  locate 
every  diseased  tree  in  said  grove. 

Another  blank  sheet  will  be  placed  for  the  pur- 
pose of  keeping  the  record  of  the  number  of  boxes, 
the  number  of  pounds,  and  the  number  of  pounds  of 
culls,  the  quality  test  and  the  price  obtained  gross; 
also  the  net  price  after  deducting  all  costs  of  pro- 
duction. 

To  keep  this  record  accurately  for  a  period  of 
five  years  will  determine  the  profits  and  losses  and  will 
put  you  in  a  condition  to  exactly  understand  your 
grove.  There  will  also  be  a  place  on  this  record 
where  damage  by  frost  or  freezing  may  be  kept.  This 
will  determine  the  cost  of  protection  or  the  loss  with- 
out protection,  either  by  smudge  or  other  means. 

In  conclusion,  the  writer  will  appreciate  very 
much  a  letter  from  every  reader  of  this  book  after  he 
has  carefully  read  and  carefully  weighed  every  sub- 
ject, as  to  the  fact  whether  he  considers  he  has  been 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  49 

benefitted  by  this  book  or  not.  The  writer  has  taken 
great  pains  to  set  up  nothing  in  this  book  that  is  not 
a  demonstrated  fact;  therefore  the  great  enjoyment 
and  pleasure  that  the  writer  would  receive  from  the 
knowledge  that  his  book  has  been  appreciated,  would 
be  of  untold  value  to  him  in  his  blind  condition. 

Therefore,  the  writer  wishes  the  reader  much 
profit  and  blessing  from  the  lines  herein.  The  re- 
sults, I  will  leave  to  you.  Careful  obedience  of  the 
rules  in  this  book  will  bring  them  forth. 

FORMULAS 

The  writer  has  decided  to  give  with  each  book, 
three  formulas,  as  follows:  No.  44  is  a  dry  humus 
and  mineral  fertilizer;  No.  55  is  a  root  extract;  No. 
66  is  a  pruning  paint. 

As  these  formulas  have  no  equal  so  far  discovered, 
and  go  in  harmony  with  Messick*s  celebrated  Tree 
Tonic,  they  are  very  valuable  indeed.  This  Tonic  has 
been  used  on  more  than  25,000  citrus  trees.  On  ac- 
count of  the  blind  condition  of  the  author,  and  his  poor 
health,  he  is  unable  to  manufacture  the  three  formu- 
las mentioned  above. 

This  is  the  greatest  value  ever  handed  down  to 
citrus  growers;  these  formulas  and  the  book  of  in- 
formation, all  for  $1.00.  These  formulas  will  not  be 
printed  in  the  book,  but  will  be  delivered  upon  receipt 
of  the  signed  application  on  the  last  page  of  this  book. 

The  purchaser  of  the  book  will  kindly  read  his 
book,  fill  out  the  blank  and  address  same  to  Dr.  H.  L. 
Messick,  Pomona,  Calif. 


50  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 


CONCLUSION 


As  these  are  the  concluding  pages  of  the  book,  the 
writer  desires  to  say  to  the  grower  that  so  far,  he 
has  never  solicited  any  business,  as  he  is  firmly  of 
the  belief  that  a  good  physician  does  not  have  to  go 
on  the  street  and  ask  people  to  send  for  him.  The 
physician  who  can  demonstrate  a  fact  soon  builds  up 
a  practice  without  much  advertising.  The  man  who 
has  to  force  people  to  buy  his  product,  in  my  obser- 
vation through  life,  the  buyer  many  times  buys  against 
his  own  will  and  better  judgment,  and  is  never  ready 
to  give  even  best  reports  for  the  fact  that  he  had 
no  faith  to  start  with. 

I  desire  to  say  right  here,  that  if  you  have  no  faith 
in  my  treatment,  after  investigation  of  demonstrations, 
or  if  your  better  judgment  does  not  tell  you,  after 
reading  this  book,  that  it  is  purely  common  sense  and 
thoroughly  practical,  then  I  prefer  that  you  do  not 
let  loose  of  your  money  for  my  medicine  until  you 
have  satisfied  your  own  mind  that  you  will  be  repaid 
many  times  by  the  use  of  my  treatments. 

The  sole  object  of  my  treatment  is  to  put  the 
body  of  the  tree  in  condition  to  produce  healthy  circu- 
lation ;  healthy  blood  with  free  distribution  covers  the 
entire  question  of  success  in  fruit  growing.  In  other 
words,  to  keep  the  constitution  of  the  tree  in  such  a 
healthy  state  that  it  can  resist  the  most  severe  attack 
by  any  enemy.    As  I  have  said  before,  use  your  own 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  51 

best  common  sense,  together  with  your  best  judg- 
ment, allow  no  man  to  overpower  them  by  argument, 
and  you  will  not  be  buncoed  as  much  in  the  future  as 
you  have  been  in  the  past. 

It  is  my  desire  now  to  advance  the  first  step 
toward  bringing  the  grower  closer  in  touch  with  the 
medical  aid  he  can  lend  his  trees,  and  I  desire  every 
reader  of  this  book  to  at  once  write  me  if  the  following 
organization  appeals  to  him.     I  will  herein  lay  plans 
for  your  future  benefits,  although  I  may  not,  as  I  am 
growing  in  years,  be  able  to  see  the  great  results  to 
be  obtained  from  the  following  organization. 
Organization  as  follows: 
Be  it  resolved  that  I,  a  citrus  grower,  do 
heartily  endorse  an  organization,  to  be  known  as 
a  medical  board  for  trees.     I  further  believe  that 
any  man  desiring  to  advise  the  grower  upon  prac- 
tical methods  or  system  of  treatment  should  be 
able  to  pass  a  rigid  examination  before  this  med- 
ical board,  showing  himself  qualified  in  every  de- 
tail to  administer  valuable  information  gained  by 
practical  demonstration.     He  must  also  know  the 
correct  anatomy  and  diagnosis  of  a  tree.      This 
board  will  select  one  man  in  the  various  localities 
to  cooperate  with  the  growers  and  advise  them 
as  to  medical  treatment.    There  will  be  one  gen- 
eral advisor,  whom  all  local  advisors  will  report  to 
quarterly.    There  will  be  a  meeting  held  quarterly 
by  this  board  where  examinations  will  be  made. 
There  will  also  be  an  annual  meeting  held  where 
all  the  members  of  this  medical  organization  will 


52  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

meet  and  rehearse  results  obtained  during  the 
year.     Every  member  of  this  board  will  be  en- 
titled to  a  vote  for  the  officers  for  the  ensuing 
year.    This  board  will  seek  at  the  hands  of  our 
Legislative  bodies  such  legislation  as  will  be  bene- 
ficial to  the  medical  treatment  of  trees. 
If  you  are  in  favor  of  the  above  organization, 
(which  is  merely  an  outline)  please  write  to  Dr.  Mes- 
sick  at  once  signifying  your  willingness  to  take  mem- 
bership in  such  an  organization. 

Address  all  communications  to  Dr.  H.  L.  Messick, 
151  So.  Thomas  St.,  Pomona,  Calif. 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  53 

RECORD  OF  CROPS  FOR  YEAR  1919 

On  grove  located  and  described  as  follows:  


Number  of  trees  in  grove   

Number  of  acres  in  grove 

Gross  Production. 

Picked boxes. 

Weight    pounds. 

Grade,  Extra  Choice,  pounds. 

Grade,  Choice   pounds. 

Grade,   Culls,    pounds. 

Price,  per  pound. 

Total  $ 

Cost  of  Production. 

Fertilizer  used   $ 

Tree  medicine  used  on  body  of  trees,  $ 

Pruning    $ 

Cultivation    $ 

Water    $ 

Labor    $ 

Picking,  hauling,  packing  &  shipping,  $ 

Total   $ 

Net  Proceeds  derived  from  grove  No Total  $. 


54  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

RECORD  OF  CROPS  FOR  YEAR  1920 

On  grove  located  and  described  as  follows:  


Number  of  trees  in  grove 

Number  of  acres  in  grove  

Gross  Productioiu 

Picked boxes. 

Weight  pounds. 

Grade,  Extra  Choice,  pounds. 

Grade,  Choice    pounds. 

Grade,  Culls,  pounds. 

Price,   per  pound. 

Total    $ 

Cost  of  Production. 

Fertilizer  used   $ 

Tree  medicine  used  on  body  of  trees,  $ 

Pruning    $ 

Cultivation    $ 

Water   $ 

Labor    $ 

Picking,  hauling,  packing  &  shipping,  $ 

Total    $ 

Net  Proceeds  derived  from  grove  No Total  $. 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  55 

RECORD  OF  CROPS  FOR  YEAR  1921 


On  grove  located  and  described  as  follows; 


Number  of  trees  in  grove 

Number  of  acres  in  grove 

Gross  Productioiu 

Picked boxes. 

Weight   pounds. 

Grade,  Extra  Choice,  pounds. 

Grade,  Choice   pounds. 

Grade,  Culls,  pounds. 

Price,   per  pound. 

Total    ; $ 

Cost  of  Production. 

Fertilizer  used   $ 

Tree  medicine  used  on  body  of  trees,  $ 

Pruning    $ 

Cultivation $ 

Water   $ 

Labor    $ 

Picking,  hauling,  packing  &  shipping,  $ 

Total    $ 

Net  Proceeds  derived  from  grove  No Total  $. 


56  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

RECORD  OF  CROPS  FOR  YEAR  1922 

On  grove  located  and  described  as  follows :   .... 


Number  of  trees  in  grove 
Number  of  acres  in  grove 


Gross  Production. 

Picked boxes. 

Weight   pounds. 

Grade,  Extra  Choice,  pounds. 

Grade,  Choice    pounds. 

Grade,  Culls,  pounds.  • 

Price,   per  pound. 

Total    $ 

Cost  of  Production. 

Fertilizer  used   $ 

Tree  medicine  used  on  body  of  trees,  $ 

Pruning    $ 

Cultivation    $ 

Water   $ 

Labor    $ 

Picking,  hauling,  packing  &  shipping,  $ 

Total    $ 

Net  Proceeds  derived  from  grove  No Total  $ 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  57 

RECORD  OF  CROPS  FOR  YEAR  1923 

On  grove  located  and  described  as  follows: 


Number  of  trees  in  grove 

Number  of  acres  in  grove 

Gross  Productioii. 

Picked boxes. 

Weight   pounds. 

Grade,  Extra  Choice,  pounds. 

Grade,  Choice   pounds. 

Grade,  Culls, .pounds. 

Price,   per  pound. 

Total    $ 

Cost  of  Productioa. 

Fertilizer  used   $ , 

Tree  medicine  used  on  body  of  trees,  $ , 

Pruning    $ , 

Cultivation    $ 

Water   $ 

Labor    $ , 

Picking,  hauling,  packing  &  shipping,  $ 

Total    $ 

Net  Proceeds  derived  from  grove  No Total  $, 


58  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

REPORT  ON  THE  CONDITION  OF  GROVE 
FOR  YEAR  1919 

Careful  inspection  of  all  trees  mad^  January  1st. 
Another  inspection  on  June  1st. 
Third  inspection  on  September  1st. 

I  find  June  1st  trees  No 

in  condition  as  described   

September  inspection,  I  find  trees  No 

Improved    

Condition   not   improved    

Applied  Messick's  Tree  Tonic,  (Date)   

Second  Application,   (Date)    

Third  Application,    (Date)    

Fourth  Application,   (Date)    

Applied  Formula  No.  44  (Date)  

Noticeable  results  90  days  later 

Notified  Dr.  H.  L.  Messick,  Pomona,  as  to  conditions. 
Remarks  at  end  of  year 


If  you  will  carefully  keep  this  record  and  watch  the  sjrmp- 
toms  of  the  trees  as  carefully  as  you  watch  the  symptoms  of 
your  children,  and  upon  the  first  symptoms  of  disease  seek 
advice,  you  will  receive  great  benefit.  You  will  find  on  a  sepa- 
rate page  symptoms  of  disease  and  dete^rioration. 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  59 

REPORT  ON  THE  CONDITION  OF  GROVE 
FOR  YEAR  1920 

Careful  inspection  of  all  trees  madej  January  1st. 
Another  inspection  on  June  1st. 
Third  inspection  on  September  1st. 

I  find  June  1st  trees  No 

in  condition  as  described    

September  inspection,  I  find  trees  No 

Improved    

Condition   not   improved    

Applied  Messick's  Tree  Tonic,  (Date)   

Second  Application,   (Date)    

Third  Application,    (Date)    

Fourth  Application,   (Date)    

Applied  Formula  No.  44  (Date)  

Noticeable  results  90  days  later 

Notified  Dr.  H.  L.  Messick,  Pomona,  as  to  conditions 

Remarks  at  end  of  year 


If  you  will  carefully  keep  this  record  and  watch  the  symp- 
toms of  the  trees  as  carefully  as  you  watch  the  symptoms  of 
your  children,  and  upon  the  first  symptoms  of  disease  seek 
advice,  you  will  receive  great  benefit.  You  will  find  on  a  sepa- 
rate page  symptoms  of  disease  and  deterioration. 


60  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

REPORT  ON  THE  CONDITION  OF  GROVE 
FOR  YEAR  1921 

Careful  inspection  of  all  trees  made  January  1st. 
Another  inspection  on  June  1st. 
Third  inspection  on  September  1st. 

I  find  June  1st  trees  No 

in  condition  as  described    

September  inspection,  I  find  trees  No 

Improved    

Condition   not   improved    

Applied  Messick's  Tree  Tonic,  (Date)   

Second  Application,   (Date) 

Third  Application,    (Date)    

Fourth  Application,   (Date)    

Applied  Formula  No.  44  (Date)  

Noticeable  results  90  days  later 

Notified  Dr.  H.  L.  Messick,  Pomona,  as  to  conditions. 
Remarks  at  end  of  year 


If  you  will  carefully  keep  this  record  and  watch  the  symp- 
toms of  the  trees  as  carefully  as  you  watch  the  symptoms  of 
your  children,  and  upon  the  first  symptoms  of  disease  seek 
advice,  you  will  receive  great  benefit.  You  will  find  on  a  sepa- 
rate page  symptoms  of  disease  and  deterioration. 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES  61 

REPORT  ON  THE  CONDITION  OF  GROVE 
FOR  YEAR  1922 

Careful  inspection  of  all  trees  made  January  1st. 
Another  inspection  on  June  1st. 
Third  inspection  on  September  1st. 

I  find  June  1st  trees  No 

in  condition  as  described   


September  inspection,  I  find  trees  No 

Improved    

Condition  not  improved    

Applied  Messick's  Tree  Tonic,  (Date)   

Second  Application,  (Date)    

Third  Application,   (Date)    

Fourth  Application,   (Date)    

Applied  Formula  No.  44  (Date)  , 

Noticeable  results  90  days  later 

Notified  Dr.  H.  L.  Messick,  Pomona,  as  to  conditions, 
Remarks  at  end  of  year , 


If  you  will  carefully  keep  this  record  and  watch  the  symp- 
toms of  the  trees  as  carefully  as  you  watch  the  symptoms  of 
your  children,  and  upon  the  first  symptoms  of  disease  seek 
advice,  you  will  receive  great  benefit.  You  will  find  on  a  sepa- 
rate page  symptoms  of  disease  and  deteurioration. 


62  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 

REPORT  ON  THE  CONDITION  OF  GROVE 
FOR  YEAR  1923 

Careful  inspection  of  all  trees  made  January  1st. 
Another  inspection  on  June  1st. 
Third  inspection  on  September  1st. 

I  find  June  1st  trees  No 

in  condition  as  described    

September  inspection,  I  find  trees  No 

Improved    

Condition   not   improved    

Applied  Messick's  Tree  Tonic,  (Date)   

Second  Application,   (Date)    

Third  Application,    (Date)    

Fourth  Application,   (Date)    

Applied  Formula  No.  44  (Date)  

Noticeable  results  90  days  later 

Notified  Dr.  H.  L.  Messick,  Pomona,  as  to  conditions. 
Remarks  at  end  of  year 


If  you  will  carefully  keep  this  record  and  watch  the  symp- 
toms of  the  trees  as  carefully  as  you  watch  the  symptoms  of 
your  children,  and  upon  the  first  symptoms  of  disease  seek 
advice,  you  will  receive  great  benefit.  You  will  find  on  a  sepa- 
rate page  symptoms  of  disease  and  deterioration. 


CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 


ORDER  BLANK 

Messick's  Tree  Tonic,  Formula  No.  77. 

Dr.  H.  L.  Messick, 
Pomona,  Calif. 

Please  ship  me  via (freight  or 

express)  gallons  with  which  I  desire  to  test 

my  grove  of trees.     (Mention  var- 
iety of  trees.) 

You  will  find  enclosed  with  this  order 

Dollars. 

I  hereby  agree  to  follow  carefully  the  copyrighted 
directions. 

Price  per  gallon — less  than  bbl.  lots,  $2.00  per  gal. 

Price  per  gallon  in  bbl.  lots,  $1.50  per  gallon. 

Name  of  station   

Name  of  P.   0 


County State  of 

(Signature)    

Nothing  less  than  5  gallon  lots. 


64  CITRUS  TREES  AND  THEIR  DISEASES 


APPLICATION  FOR  FORMULAS 

I 

Post  Office County  of 

State  of  

do  say  that  I  have  read  your  book  entitled  "Citrus 
Trees  and  their  Diseases,"  and  ask  that  you  forward 
me  formulas  as  described  in  book,  and  agree  to  use 
these  formulas  upon  my  grove  only.  I  further  agree 
that  I  will  not  divulge,  manufacture,  or  offer  for  sale 
any  of  the  products  made  from  these  formulas,  under 
the  penalty  of  the  copyright  act. 

After  reading  your  book,  I  feel  as  though  the 
contents  possess  much  value.  (Please  give  below  any 
comment  you  wish  to  make.) 

Remarks : 


^v  ^  DOES  CURE  Gum  and  Scaley  Bark,  and  makes 
y  J  healthy  trees,  better  fruit,  more  weight,  earlier 
^     ^     maturity.     Can  you  afford  to  do  without  it? 


Pronounced  dead  by  12  men,  September  4,  1916. 
Treated  with  77  six  times. 


Nine  months  after  first  application,  notice  new 
growth.  By  placing  canvas  over  this  tree,  we 
continued  growth  all  winter. 


Twenty-  three  months  later  than  first  photo,  after  producing  fine 
crop  of  cherries.  Dr.  Messick  offers  $100  to  any  man  in  California 
that  can  accomplish  same  result.  This  tree  was  solid  scab  of  gum 
from  ground  to  tip  of  twigs;  was  also  girdled  by  gopher  within  two 
inches  of  the  entire  circle.  If  it  cured  this  tree,  77  will  cure  yours. 
Write  for  book. 


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To  THE  Purchaser  of  this  Book 

Will  you  not  carefully  read  this  book, 
and  if  satisfied  of  its  value,  kindly  do  a 
favor  to  a  blind  man  by  not  loaning  it. 
However  you  will  greatly  oblige  him  by 
telling  your  friends  that  ifs  well  worth  the 
money.  Ask  them  to  send  one  dollar  to 
Dr.  H.  L.  Messick,  151  S.  Thomas  Street, 
Fomona,  Cal.  and  receive  a  copy  postpaid. 


14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

LOAN  DEPT. 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below,  or 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 

Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 

( Al  724S10 )  476B                                   ^'"''^"^rklle^ 

\^       I H / J^ 


4 ' '^00 


